WHITNEY Surname Meaning and Family History

The Whitney surname has several possible meanings: Dweller by or on the white island, from the Old English hwit, meaning white, and ea, meaning water, or ige, meaning island.One who came from a place named Whitney (such as parish of Whitney in Herefordshire, England), a place name meaning white island. First  mentioned in the  Domesday Book  as  Witenie.   Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings:  WITNEY, WHETNEY, WHITTENEY, WHITENEY, WYTNEY, WHITNY Famous People with the WHITNEY Surname Eli Whitney - American inventor; best known for inventing the cotton ginAmos Whitney - American mechanical engineer and inventorAsa Whitney  -  highly successful dry-goods merchant and  transcontinental railroad  promoterCarl Whitney  -  American Negro League baseball playerJohn Whitney  - founder of the prominent American Whitney  family—notable for their social prominence, wealth, businesses and philanthropy—who left   London, England, to settle in Watertown, Massachusetts in 1635.Mary Watson Whitney - American astronomer Where is the WHITNEY Surname Most Common? The Whitney surname, according to surname distribution information from Forebears, is the 10,104th most common surname in the world. It is most commonly found today in the United States, where it ranks 875th. It is also fairly prevalent in Australia and New Zealand, as well as England—especially in Northamptonshire and Herefordshire. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates the Whitney surname is found in greatest numbers in the United States, with the greatest numbers living in the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Washington, Utah and Idaho. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WHITNEY Whitney Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Whitney family crest or coat of arms for the Whitney surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Whitney DNA ProjectMany individuals with the Whitney surname have joined this Y-DNA project to work together to use DNA testing along with traditional genealogy research to help determine Whitney origins and distinguish between various Whitney lines. WHITNEY Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Whitney ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Whitney ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - WHITNEY GenealogyExplore over 820,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Whitney surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WHITNEY Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Whitney surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Whitney RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Whitney surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Whitney Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Whitney surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Whitney SurnameExplore over 2.7 million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Whitney surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

How Technology Is Becoming More Widespread - 1197 Words

These days technology is becoming more widespread. The question is are we still reading as attentively and thoroughly as we used to due to these new portable ways of reading. The main issue here is that our attention is divided between pixels and link as our brains respond differently to onscreen text than to words on paper. There have been many published studies since 1980’s where researchers from different fields like psychology, computer engineering and information science have brought up such issues in more than one hundred published studies. Many of these studies done before 1992, always concluded that people read slowly, less accurately and less comprehensively on screens than on paper. In recent studies, it shows that people still like to read from paper especially when they want to read intensively. Although the e-reading technology is gaining more popularity and becoming more common, people’s attitudes are changing. They read these books for facts and fun. In the US, there is about 15 to 20 percent of all trade book sales (Jabr, 2013). People are known to be less conducive to learning from computers and tablets as compared to paper. Reading has a physicality. When we already have an e-book we start to miss it. There was a study done in January 2013 by Anne Mangen of the University of Stavanger in Norway. Her colleagues and she asked 72 10th-grade students with similar reading ability to study one narrative and one expository text. Each essay was about 1,500 wordsShow MoreRelatedCommunication And The Digital Age1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough the phone, is inevitable. However, evolving technology has resulted in a change in the way people communicate, especially in the field of politics. Thanks to technology information is now able to become widespread quickly. This high-speed information is changing the way in which political messages are conveyed. 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It is hoped that we will have a nationwide EHR system withinRead MoreThe Future Of Brain Implants1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe Future of Brain Implants Current and future technology Over the last twenty years, scientists have been developing brain implants to help people suffering from Alzheimer s disease, dementia, stroke and/or brain injuries to restore their ability to create long-term memories. Current technology is becoming more invasive both in terms of interconnections within the physical body and our mental dependence. According to a researcher Ellen M. 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Power Impact On Relationship Of Psychology - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Power and its impact on therapeutic relationships of psychology. Answer: Mental health care is critically different from the other health care programs or genres, and the most profound difference in the two different types of health care services is the extreme dependence of the patients or clients on their clinical therapists. A mental patient is not just depended for his or her health care benefits, but they are also extremely dependent on their clinical therapist for their basic wellbeing as well. It is common knowledge that in case of health care the dependence in most cases is necessary and inevitable, however this extreme dependence often paves way for power imbalances in the therapeutic relationships that the patients have with their health care provider. Many authors have discussed the implication of power imbalance and its manifestation in the therapeutic relationship that the patients have with their mental health care provider. The unwarranted manifestation of this power in between the client and the health care provider is often the onset of r esponse issues within the care program. This essay will discuss the manifestation of power in the therapeutic relationship and its impact (Kelly et al., 2012). In the history of mental health care, there have been many transitions, each of the transitions has helped more or less in enhancing the effectiveness, and the safety of the care provided to the patients. In addition, the most important of the innovations that have occurred in the mental health care is the diagnosis based and patient centred care. The onset of a therapeutic relationship can be the one change in the mental health care that positively revolutionized the mental health delivery and the quality of the care. On an elaborative note, a therapy can be defined as any care practice or technique that is employed in order to treat or support a mental patient. The most important difference between a conventional care technique and therapy is the fact that a therapy requires enhanced active involvement of the patient rather than letting the patient be a passive participant in the process (Kelly et al., 2012). A therapeutic relationship on the other hand is the amalgamation of growi ng comfort and compassionate co-operation in between the mental patient and the care provider giving him or her therapy. By definition, a therapeutic relationship in general is the engagement of the therapist with the patient, which helps forge a mutually respectful and collaborative connection between the patient and the therapist. The therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the patient has a number of variables that define the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship that the individuals have. One very important aspect within the same is the fact that the mental patients and their family member bestow a lot of power to the therapist; hence, the onset of an inherent imbalance in term of power is inevitable in case of therapeutic relationships. On a more elaborative note, the clients, or mental patients that are engaged in the therapy provides the therapist with power which the therapist in turn uses for the benefit of the patients in care planning and critical decision making so that the patient can recover fast and can revert back to their regular lifestyle. However, the power invested on the hands of a psychologist is often accused to be mis- exercised and abused in case of the mental patients. However, in order to analyse or elaborate the factors that define the unequal or unjustified manifestatio n of power in the therapeutic relationships with the mental patients, it is crucial for individual pathways of the power manifestation to be critically analysed (Zuroff et al., 2010). According to the most of the research, the differential power gradient in the therapeutic relationships with the mental patients is critically associated with the assumption in the patients that the psychotherapists have more psychological strength, emotional control and stability than the mental patient involved in the therapy, hence entire decision-making and judging responsibility falls upon the therapists. Although, this understanding is completely flawed. According to the theories of Foucault, knowledge and power are inseparable, and in case of post modern narrative therapy. the sensibility and relevance of the therapy is based on the theory of Foucault, that the human beings utilize power and knowledge in an intricately linked manner, and it is reflected in case of the psychotherapists as well (Gough, McFadden McDonald, 2013). In order to provide the optimal care experience and helping them to recover faster, the therapists exercise the decisive power completely and in certain cases, it is helpful as well. For instance, in case of a mental patient with severe disconnection with the reality will depend completely on the therapist. According to the Hjelm (2014), in such cases the mental patient will have a sense of comfort in giving away the power led by the perception that their psychotherapist has a special psychological might or power. However, this frequent misperception in the patient-client relationship is based on the Freudian dogma or psychoanalytical therapy; where the concept of transference is the most important and deciding element of the therapy. In case of transference, the patient is coerced redirect the feelings of trust and dependency, that humans generally feel during childhood, is persuaded to transfer that power to the therapist. Although a little trust and dependency is required from the mental patient so that there is enough co-operation with the therapist in the activities that is going to be performed during the therapy. Although there is a significant drawback of phenomenon is the fact that the excessive dependency of the patient on the therapist bestows them with a power that is easily exploited (Zur, 2014). It has to be mentioned in this context that exceeding dependency is not always present in the therapeutic relationship, whereas, for the mental patients dealing with severe social rejection and abandonment anxiety, the dependency is often the only means of comfort for these patients. The only drawback in this case is the fact that this absolute transference of power makes these patient very vulnerable to the exploitation, which in most cases is not even deliberate from the clinical therapist (Perlman, 2012). It has to be mentioned in this context that the psychotherapists and counsellors understand the inherent power differential in the therapeutic relationship with a distressed client as a part of a job responsibility. In addition, it is critically ingrained within the psychotherapists perception is the fact that the considerable power imbalance must never be exploited under any circumstances. However, in the most of the scenarios, the power imbalance is manifested as an undercurrent within the practice. For instance, it has been reported frequently that the power imbalance is most of the times unnoticed by the therapists where the controlling and dominating stance in the care approach of the therapists is perceived as a part of the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, in case of the patients, the patients facilitate the manifestation of the power imbalance as well. For instance, it has to be considered in this discussion that most of the psychotherapy or counselling clients is mostly distressed, traumatized, agitated and helpless; which in turn elevates the vulnerability that these patients are accustomed to feeling (Zuroff et al., 2010). Along with that the mental patients are often subjected to immense discrimination and social rejection. The stigmatization adds to their helplessness and increases the need for anyone reliable or compassionate in their life. In case of psychotherapy, the therapists and the compassionate and understanding care approach that the therapists take often is perceived as acceptance to the mental patients. This acceptance forces the mental patients to willingly transfer all the decisive power to the therapists and the dependency of the mental patient on the therapists increases multiple folds. Therefore, this group of mental patients or clients seeking therapy are at the most risk of being exploited by the therapists, and according to the most of the researchers the manifestation of the power imbalance in such cases only increases wit h the severity of the mental illness that the patient is suffering from (Bennetts, Cross Bloomer, 2011). Another very common source of manifestation of power imbalance is caused by the influence of societal determinants on this context. On a more elaborative note, it has already been addressed in the essay that the power imbalance or the difference in power in the therapeutic relationship is often ignored or unnoticed by the therapists themselves, where they are completely oblivious of the controlling and dominating approach in the care technique or therapy design. However, with the addition of the societal factors like race, socio-economic background, gender, sexual orientation and minority status of the mental patient can elevate the power imbalance effectively. In this case, the profound socio-cultural power dynamics and its impact on the therapeutic relationship can pave way effectively for the power difference to be manifested easily and further developed (Lee, 2010). Moreover, when the clinical psychotherapist or practitioner belongs to a strong cultural ideology, the conventional understanding of the above mentioned socio-cultural power dynamics affects the nature of the therapeutic relationship drastically. Most of the authors have suggested that in case of the therapists with a dominant cultural background, the therapists can be already inclined to devalue the cultural ideologies and the beliefs of the client. With the impact of the minor or lower socio-cultural standing of client overshadowing the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship, the manifestation of power difference is by far the most extreme in this case (Shelton Delgado-Romero, 2011). Although it has to be mentioned the need for power is crucial for the therapist to have in the therapeutic association with the patient, in order to provide the most effective and safe care to the mental patients. There have been many authors who have agreed to this age-old convention in psychotherapy that therapists should be bestowed with the decision making power, however it also needs to be mentioned that there are considerable criticism as well. With the emphasis of the health care industry on the patient preferences and informed consent, the new age in psychology mandates the therapists to empower their clients. This criticism of the power manifestation is supported by Lee (2010), in their argument they have stated that the power imbalance in the therapeutic relationships is the main cause of client dissatisfaction. The complete decisisve ability on the therapists hands often leaves the patients seeking therapy with a sense of helplessness and anxiety, which can be detrimental for the health, and wellbeing of the patient, completely defeating the purpose of the therapy. On the other hand, this idea is also criticised by another school of thought elaborated by Day (2010), the decisive power bestowed on the therapists have also been reported to be facilitating a sense of safety, security and confidence on the expertise of the therapists. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that a consensus regrading the impact of the power manifestation is significant, in order to arrive on a verdict, the impact of the manifestation on both the patients seeking therapy, the therapists and the therapeutic relation is required (Jahoda et al., 2009). Considering the impact of the power difference in the therapeutic relationship, first and foremost, it has to be discussed that the therapeutic bond between the client and the therapist is the core element of the clinical psychology. It has to be mentioned here that psychology is nothing above the general idea of help, where the experts of this field help the distressed people cope with the different afflictions of the ever-changing societal dynamics (Kanter, Tsai Kohlenberg, 2010). According to Ian Parker, the main purpose of the psychology as a clinical genre is being defeated with the complicated and critical treatment practice these days. With the growing power imbalance in the therapeutic relationships between vulnerable mental patients and their therapists, the practice standards have become more of a problem rather than being a solution. It has to be mentioned that patient centred care and autonomy is a fundamental element of safe and effective care practice, regardless of th e health care domain that the patient is seeking help from. Hence, the consent of the patients must be given the most priority whenever providing care to the patient, even in the case of therapeutic care (Totton, 2016). However in case of the power imbalance in the clinical psychology between the client and therapist complicates the ethics of the therapeutic bond and violates the concept of patient autonomy and patient centred care. According to the Parker (2007), there is a need for a change in the perception of the practice standards in the clinical psychology so that the intended or unintended exploitation of the power imbalance in the therapeutic settings can be addressed. On the other hand, for clients only seeking therapy for better living, there is no transference of power and therefore, there is no power imbalance. This is where the consensus regarding the power imbalance or unethical manifestation of power brews dense, where one school of thought affirms the power imbalance and the other brushes it off as myth (Diener Monroe, 2011). On a concluding note, it can be stated that there is a growing consensus regarding the power difference in the therapy setting of clinical psychology, where one school of thought agrees to the imbalance, the disagreement states the assumption of power imbalance to be a myth. Although, it has been explored in this essay that for the different groups of clients seeking therapy, vulnerable mental patients and clients only seeking therapy for better living, the scenario of power imbalance is completely different. The incidence and harmful impact of the differential power is only imparted for the vulnerable group of mental patients, and the magnitude of the impact cannot be overlooked either. Hence, the understanding of mutual respect and autonomy needs to be reinstated in the therapeutic setting, so that the trust placed by the vulnerable patients on their therapists is not exploited under any circumstances. References: Anderson, T., Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Stiles, W. B., Ordoez, T., Heckman, B. D. (2012). The power of subtle interpersonal hostility in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A speech acts analysis.Psychotherapy Research,22(3), 348-362. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10503307.2012.658097 Bennetts, W., Cross, W., Bloomer, M. (2011). Understanding consumer participation in mental health: Issues of power and change.International journal of mental health nursing,20(3), 155-164. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00719.x/full Day, A. (2010).Psychotherapists experience of power in the psychotherapy relationship(Doctoral dissertation, Middlesex University). Retrieved from https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13049/1/ADay_thesis.pdf Diener, M. J., Monroe, J. M. (2011). The relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy: a meta-analytic review. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-10752-001. Gough, B., McFadden, M., McDonald, M. (2013).Critical social psychology: An introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=GQ0dBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Gough,+B.,+McFadden,+M.,+%26+McDonald,+M.+(2013).+Critical+social+psychology:+An+introduction.+Palgrave+Macmillan.ots=soJfsRs3Y0sig=3VrcpB8ENJJ5urzzW3G5m2z2RZ0#v=onepageqf=false Hjelm, T. (2014).Social Constructionisms: Approaches to the Study of the Human World. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9FYdBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1ots=oV-T9qITVpsig=4yVX3zk0dfABbpHyiXkdekbmEsc#v=onepageqf=false Jahoda, A., Selkirk, M., Trower, P., Pert, C., Kroese, B. S., Dagnan, D., Burford, B. (2009). The balance of power in therapeutic interactions with individuals who have intellectual disabilities.British Journal of Clinical Psychology,48(1), 63-77. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1348/014466508X360746/abstract Kanter, J., Tsai, M., Kohlenberg, R. J. (Eds.). (2010). The practice of functional analytic psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ohV-COMVPKwCoi=fndpg=PA172dq=Kanter,+J.,+Tsai,+M.,+%26+Kohlenberg,+R.+J.+(Eds.).+(2010).+The+practice+of+functional+analytic+psychotherapy.ots=JBl65tmsMKsig=jpbin7L1ByfNdEsuCAIZ6eKodcI#v=onepageq=Kanter%2C%20J.%2C%20Tsai%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%20Kohlenberg%2C%20R.%20J.%20(Eds.).%20(2010).%20The%20practice%20of%20functional%20analytic%20psychotherapy.f=false Kelly, V., Holttum, S., Evans, C., Shepherd, M. (2012). A discourse analysis of power in relation to PSYCHLOPS (Psychological outcome profiles) in the context of CBT for psychosis.Counselling and Psychotherapy Research,12(4), 247-256. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/14733145.2012.672439/full Lee, J. (2010). Perceived power imbalance and customer dissatisfaction.The Service Industries Journal,30(7), 1113-1137. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02642060802298384 Parker, I. (2007). Revolution in psychology: Alienation to emancipation. Retrieved from https://philpapers.org/rec/PARRIP Perlman, A. (2012).Therapists' experience with therapeutic touch: A phenomenological study(Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/f0ba7e3dc95cb68bcb81c8e8dec47faa/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=18750diss=y Sharf, J., Primavera, L. H., Diener, M. J. (2010). Dropout and therapeutic alliance: A meta-analysis of adult individual psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-26713-017 Shelton, K., Delgado-Romero, E. A. (2011). Sexual orientation microaggressions: the experience of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer clients in psychotherapy.Journal of Counseling Psychology,58(2), 210. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-06863-003 Totton, N. (2016). Power in the therapeutic relationship.The Political Self: Understanding the Social Context for Mental Illness, 29. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=lSejDQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA29dq=Totton,+N.+(2016).+Power+in+the+therapeutic+relationship.+The+Political+Self:+Understanding+the+Social+Context+for+Mental+Illness,+29.ots=Gq33z8D3qxsig=h6z3TBKSZttpHdQSUUv3dUSv5Hg#v=onepageqf=false Tsai, M., Kohlenberg, R. J., Kanter, J. W. (2010). A functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) approach to the therapeutic alliance.The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice, 172-190. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ohV-COMVPKwCoi=fndpg=PA172dq=Tsai,+M.,+Kohlenberg,+R.+J.,+%26+Kanter,+J.+W.+(2010).+A+functional+analytic+psychotherapy+(FAP)+approach+to+the+therapeutic+alliance.+The+therapeutic+alliance:+An+evidence-based+guide+to+practice,+172-190.ots=JBl65torSJsig=h45XraXaSl0xuByqtCRLceldbHo#v=onepageqf=false Zur, O. (2014). Power in psychotherapy and counseling.The Zur Institute. Retrieved from https://www.zurinstitute.com/power_in_therapy.html Zuroff, D. C., Kelly, A. C., Leybman, M. J., Blatt, S. J., Wampold, B. E. (2010). Between?therapist and within?therapist differences in the quality of the therapeutic relationship: effects on maladjustment and self?critical perfectionism.Journal of Clinical Psychology,66(7), 681-697. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20683/full